Back Pain During Pregnancy

Pelvic & Spine pain associated with pregnancy

Women usually have pregnancy-related pain in the lower back (pelvic and sacrum area). Pelvic pain that has not been diagnosed is called peripartum pelvic pain. This peripartum refers to the "perinatal period,” usually a few weeks before and after birth. 

Pain is most common in the following regions:

•  Coccyx 
• The groin region 
• Public symphysis anteriorly 
• Sacroiliac joints 

Occasionally, it affects the pelvis and upper parts of the thigh, but pain below the knee is rare. Pain is usually affected by posture and is accompanied by waddling gait.

What Factors Affect the Intensity of Back Pain During Pregnancy?

Although it has not been shown that age and smoking status increase pain levels, more weight, more pregnancies, previous history of backache during pregnancy, and additional prior history of back pain can increase perinatal pain. 

Also, young women are more likely to suffer pain than older women. According to research reports, about 10% of women said that pregnancy-related backache prevented them from working, while more than 80% said it would affect their daily work ability. 

What Is the Cause of Spine Pain During Pregnancy?

The causes of back pain during pregnancy may be related to the combined effects of metabolic, circulatory, mechanical, and psychosocial factors. However, most of the reasons can be concise into the following aspects: 

• Weight gain: Women usually gain between 20 to 40 pounds during pregnancy, which puts extra pressure on the back. This extra pressure can lead to back pain. 
• Hormonal changes: Although most women experience back pain between the fifth and seventh months, some women report back pain during the first trimester. Since the baby is not big enough to put physical strain on the spine, but hormonal changes can cause pain. Pregnant women produce relaxation - a hormone that relaxes the joints and ligaments of the spine and pelvis, making childbirth easier. Relaxing can cause some instability in the spine, which can lead to lower back pain. Some hormones produced during pregnancy can result in sacroiliac joint pain, which causes lower backache. 
• Change in center of gravity: As your belly grows and you gain weight, your ability to maintain proper posture will be affected. Postural changes during pregnancy have been linked to herniated discs and lordosis, leading to back pain. 
• Increased stress: For many women, pregnancy is an exciting and special moment, but it can also bring stress. Stress can even cause or worsen back pain. Finding solutions to cope with stress during pregnancy can help relieve your pain.

When to See A Doctor?

A pregnant woman who suffers from back pain in pregnancy should contact the healthcare provider or her obstetrician when experiencing any of the following symptoms: 

• Fever 
• Severe back pain 
• Pain lasting more than two weeks 
• Cramps occurring frequently and gradually intensifying • Difficult or painful urination 
• Irregular vaginal discharge 
• Vaginal bleeding 
• Tingling of limbs 

Treatments for Pregnancy-Related Back Pain

For pregnancy-related backache, most treatment involves lifestyle changes, such as: 

• Avoiding extra weight gain: Taking a healthy diet is one of the best ways to maintain a healthy weight during pregnancy. Certain foods are associated with relieving spinal inflammation (a common cause of lower back pain). Eating five or more portions of vegetables and fruits a day provides important nutrients. Some other good options include nuts and oily fish like salmon, which contains a high amount of omega-3 fatty acids to help fight inflammation. 
• Workout to strengthen the core and back muscles: Generally, pregnant women should avoid strenuous activities: too little activity and too much activity can lead to increased back pain during pregnancy. Yoga, Walking, and swimming is great habits to self-regulate throughout pregnancy. However, always consult your doctor first about exercise during pregnancy. 
• Stress Relief: Finding ways to control stress levels during pregnancy is good for the body, mind, and health. Prenatal massage, more rest, and soothing with a heating pad on the lower back are great ways to relieve stress and help your spine. 
• Maintaining the right posture: Discuss with your doctor about maintaining a good posture throughout pregnancy. 
• Behavior improvement: Laziness tightens the spine. So, it is good to use the right position while sitting, working, or sleeping. For example, when you sleep with pillows on both sides of your knees, the pressure will decrease. When sitting at the table, place a towel wrapped around your back for support, place your feet on a pile of books or a bench, and sit up with your shoulders bent back. Wearing a seat belt can also help. 
• Investing in a sleep aid pillow in pregnancy: Sound sleep is sometimes unattainable during pregnancy, but a support pillow gives you more peaceful mornings. 
• Wearing comfortable shoes: Spinal care and foot ware are connected. Avoid flip flops and high heels and buy new shoes if your shoe size changes due to pregnancy. 
• Chiropractic care: After the correct operation, chiropractic manipulation can be safe during pregnancy. Talk to your doctor before chiropractic treatment. 
• Counseling: If back pain is caused due to stress, talking to a counselor or a trusted friend can be helpful. 

If your back pain is severe and does not respond to conventional treatments, your doctor may recommend medications, prescription pelvic belt, injection therapy, physical therapy, or bed rest.